Effect Of Media Research Articles

대학생의 애착불안, 부정정서 회피를 위한 SNS 사용, COVID-19로 인한 지각된 스트레스가 우울에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to test the mediating effect of perceived stress due to COVID-19, using social media to avoid negative emotions in the process of influencing depression of college students' attachment anxiety. Methods To this end, data from 279 male and female college students in Korea were collected through an online survey from October 15 to October 25, 2020, SPSS 20.0 was used for technical statistics and correlation analysis, and Mplus 7.0 program was used for structural model and mediating effect verification. Results The main results of this study are as follows. First, the attachment anxiety of college students showed a significant positive correlation with the use of social media to avoid negative emotions, perceived stress and de-pression caused by COVID-19. Second, the mediating effect of using social media to avoid negative emotions was confirmed in the relationship between attachment anxiety and depression. Third, the mediating effect of per-ceived stress due to COVID-19 was confirmed in the relationship between attachment anxiety and depression. Finally, it was found that the double mediating effect of social media use to avoid perceived stress and negative emotions caused by COVID-19 was significant in the effect of attachment anxiety of college students on depression. Conclusions Taken together, it was found that college students with attachment anxiety perceived stress caused by COVID-19 higher. In addition, they used social media as a way to avoid negative emotions, which affected depression. This study is meaningful in that it revealed the link between social media use and depression among young people and the psychological mechanism that affects depression among college students in the COVID-19 situation in a situation where face-to-face activities have been reduced and non-face-to-face interpersonal rela-tionships have been recommended.

‘The Economy is Rigged’: Inequality Narratives, Fairness, and Support for Redistribution in Six Countries

Do narratives about the causes of inequality influence support for redistribution? Scholarship suggests that information about levels of inequality does not easily shift redistributive attitudes. We embed information about inequality within a commentary article depicting the economy as being rigged to advantage elites, a common populist narrative of both the left and right. Drawing on the media effects and political economy literature, we expect articles employing narratives that portray inequality as the consequence of systemic unfairness to increase demands for redistribution. We test this proposition via an online survey experiment with 7426 respondents in Australia, France, Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Our narrative treatment significantly increases attitudes favoring redistribution in five of the countries. In the US the treatment has no effect. We consider several reasons for the non-result in the US – highlighting beliefs about government inefficiency – and conclude by discussing general implications of our findings.

Preventing postpartum insomnia: findings from a three-arm randomised controlled trial of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia, a responsive bassinet, and sleep hygiene.

Insomnia symptoms are common during the perinatal period and are linked to adverse outcomes. This single-blind 3-arm randomised controlled trial examined whether two interventions targeting different mechanisms prevent postpartum insomnia. Participants were nulliparous females 26-32 weeks gestation with Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores≥8, recruited in Australia and randomised 1:1:1 to: (a) a responsive bassinet designed to support infant sleep and reduce maternal sleep disruption until 6 months postpartum (RB), (b) therapist-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) delivered during pregnancy and postpartum, or (c) a sleep hygiene booklet (control; CTRL). Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T1), 35-36 weeks gestation (T2), and 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum (T3-T5). The primary outcome was ISI scores averaged T3-T5. Primary analyses were regressions controlling for baseline outcomes. 127 participants (age M±SD=32.62±3.49) were randomised (RB=44, CBT-I=42, CTRL= 41). Both interventions were feasible and well-accepted, with few related adverse events reported. Compared to CTRL, the average ISI across T3-T5 was lower for CBT-I (p=.014, effect size [ES]=0.56, medium) but not RB (p=.270, ES=0.25, small). Exploratory findings on maternal insomnia diagnosis, sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment, beliefs and attitudes about sleep, depression, anxiety, as well as infant sleep outcomes were also presented. CBT-I but not RB reduced prenatal insomnia (very large effect) and prevented postpartum insomnia (medium effect). Further research is needed to examine the effects of both CBT-I and RB on other outcomes such as sleep-related wellbeing, postpartum depression, and maternal postpartum sleep duration.

Medium Term Climate Change Effects on Millet Yields in Gulu District, Northern Uganda

Climate change is expected to adversely affect crop yields and livelihoods of agro-dependent societies, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there remain gaps on the effects of expected regional climatic changes on key food security crops. This study assessed the projected climatic conditions and expected changes in millet yields for Paicho Sub County (S/C) in Gulu District up to the year 2033 using a cross sectional study design. To determine future climatic conditions, PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) model was used based on projected conditions at a 50 km spatial resolution while millet yields were modelled using Penman Grindley soil moisture balance model. PRECIS projected changes for 2033 reveal a strong and significant decrease in rainfall (p< 0.05). This is likely to decrease millet yields by 2.6% below the average current yields of 1.8 tons per hectare per year under business-as-usual scenario. The finding indicates a need for improved millet varieties that can survive under changed climatic conditions

The association between dynamic balance andexecutive function: Which dynamic balance test hasthe strongest association with executive function? Asystematic review and meta-analysis.

The aging global population poses increasing challenges related to falls and dementia. Early identification of cognitive decline, particularly before noticeable symptoms manifest, is crucial for effective intervention. This review aims to determine the dynamic balance test most closely associated with executive function, potentially serving as a biomarker for cognitive decline. Based on recent reviews, inhibitory control, a component of executive function, holds significance in influencing balance performance. Studies suggest that the strength of the correlation between cognition and balance tends to be domain-specific and task-specific. Despite these findings, inconclusive evidence remains regarding the connection between executive function and various dynamic balance assessments. Our review identifies a significant association between all dynamic balance tests and executive function, albeit with varying strengths. Notably, a medium effect size is observed for the Timed Up and Go and Functional Reach Test, a small effect size for balance scales, and a strong effect size for postural sway. This review underscores a clear relationship between dynamic balance task performance and executive function. Dynamic posturography holds potential as a clinical biomarker for early detection of cognitive decline, with a note of caution due to observed heterogeneity and limited studies.

Investigation of a novel biofilm model close to the original oral microbiome

A more optimized culture medium used in vitro to mimic the bacterial composition of original oral flora as similar as possible remains difficult at present, and the goal of this study is to develop a novel oral biofilm medium to restore the original oral microbiome. Firstly, we conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed and summarized the current reported culture media in vitro. Seven culture media were found. We used mixed saliva as the origin of oral species to compare the effects of the above media in culturing oral multispecies biofilms. Results indicated that among the seven media brain heart infusion containing 1% sucrose (BHIs) medium, PG medium, artificial saliva (AS) medium, and SHI medium could obviously gain large oral biofilm in vitro. The nutrients contained in different culture media may be suitable for the growth of different oral bacteria; therefore, we optimized several novel media accordingly. Notably, results of crystal violet staining showed that the biofilm cultured in our modified artificial saliva (MAS) medium had the highest amount of biofilm biomass. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and Shannon index of biofilm cultured in MAS medium were also the highest among all the tested media. More importantly, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that the biofilm cultured in MAS medium was closer to the original saliva species. Besides, biofilm cultured by MAS was denser and produced more exopolysaccharides. MAS supported stable biofilm formation on different substrata. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a novel MAS medium that could culture oral biofilm in vitro closer to the original oral microbiome, showing a good application prospect.Key points• We compare the effects of different media in culturing oral biofilms• A novel modified artificial saliva (MAS) medium was obtained in our study• The MAS medium could culture biofilm that was closer to oral microbiome

The impact of social media on adolescent energy drink consumption.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of social media on energy drink consumption among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. An online survey including demographic characteristics (3 questions), consumption patterns of energy drinks (5 questions), and Social Media Effects Scale (4 questions) was completed by 860 Saudi Arabian adolescents. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 29, using descriptive statistics and correlation to measure the relationship between social media and energy drink consumption. The results showed that nearly 82% of the adolescent respondents consumed energy drinks once to twice a week. Social media was the most common source of information on energy drinks (42.0%). The major findings of this study showed a positive correlation (r = .592, P > .05) between social media use and consumption of energy drinks. The study found that the average score for the Social Media Effects Scale was 5.75 out of 8, or 71.87%, indicating that social media influences the energy drinks consumption of roughly two-thirds of the study participants. Tailored action plans are required to raise awareness of the negative effects of energy drinks and change consumption patterns among the adolescent population due to a lack of knowledge and poorly controlled legislation on energy drinks.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Growth and Sporulation of <i>Corticium koleroga (Cke) Hoehnel</i>

A numerous production constraints have been affecting coffee production and productivity. Among the constraints, coffee diseases attacking fruits, leaves, stems and roots that reducing coffee yield and marketability are economically important across the country. Coffee thread blight disease considered as a minor for 40 years in Ethiopia is currently emerging as a significant bottleneck to the sector. Recently, the occurrence and significant damage due to this disease have been frequently reported from different coffee production areas. However, there is the lack of profiled information on intrinsic and extrinsic character of the pathogen. Hence, this study was initiated to determine the effect of temperature and artificial media on the growth and sporulation of C. koleroga. Collected sample from Metu sub-center have been isolated and purified. Then after, purified isolate was characterized on five different artificial media namely PDA, MEA, Sabouraud, yeast and Czapeck and three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) ranges for growth and sporulation. The result revealed, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) among media and temperature ranges in the sporulation and radial growth rate of the pathogen. The fastest radial growth 3.57 and 3.51mm/day was recorded from PDA and Sabouraud media when incubated at 25°C, respectively. Whereas, the lowest growth rate was observed on yeast extract agar. On the other hand, the highest spore amount (116 spores/ml) was recorded from Sabouraud medium followed by potato dextrose agar and Yeast extract agar media at 25°C. The study confirmed that the three media (Sabouraud, Yeast extract agar and potato dextrose agar) with 25°C temperature are the best combination for proper radial growth and sporulation of Corticium koleroga. In general future studies should focus on alternative intrinsic and extrinsic factors for the growth and sporulation of this pathogen.

A Systematic Review on the Reinforcement Loop in Aesthetic Medicine and Surgery: The Interplay of Social Media, Self-Perception, and Repeat Procedures.

This systematic review delves into the impact of social media on self-perception and the escalating interest in clinical aesthetic procedures, proposing that social media significantly influences beauty standards and increases demand for aesthetic enhancements. Following PRISMA guidelines, a mixed-method analysis of 34 articles was conducted, sourced from various databases, focusing on social media's psychological effects on clinical aesthetics decisions. The studies encompassed a broad spectrum, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methodologies, reflecting diverse geographical and cultural perspectives. The quantitative analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between social media usage and the consideration of aesthetic procedures (r=0.45, p<0.001), indicating a significant impact. Specific findings included a large effect size (Cohen's d=0.8) for the relationship between time spent on social media and the desire for aesthetic enhancements. Individuals spending more than 3 hours per day on social media platforms were twice as likely to consider aesthetic procedures compared to those with less usage, with a 95% confidence interval indicating robustness in these findings. Confirming the reinforcing effect of social media on aesthetic decision-making, this study highlights the complex interplay between digital media exposure, altered self-perception, and the increased inclination towards aesthetic procedures. It suggests a critical need for practitioners to carefully navigate the digital influence on patient's desires, reinforcing the significance of understanding psychological motivations and societal pressures in clinical aesthetics. This comprehensive analysis offers pivotal insights for clinical practice and ongoing research into social media's role in contemporary beauty standards. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Comparison of physical activity and physical fitness in children and adolescents of Chinese Han and Tibet ethnicity

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are important markers of health status in children and adolescents in different ethnicities. In this study, we aimed to compare the PA and PF indicators between Tibetan and Han children and adolescents.MethodsChildren and adolescents of 4–9 grades were recruited in Shigatse (n = 963) and Shanghai (n = 2,525) respectively. The information related to demographic, PA, and PF was collected via a self-reported questionnaire. PA was assessed through the participation of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and organized sport participation (OSP). PF was estimated using the International Fitness Scale containing components of overall fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed and agility, muscular strength and flexibility.ResultsHan (mean age = 13.45 ± 3.3 years; 49.7% girls) and Tibet (mean age = 13.8 ± 2.5 years; 48.3% girls) children and adolescents from Shanghai and Shigatse completed the questionnaire survey. It was revealed that Tibetan students had higher MVPA, MSE and OSP than children and adolescents of Han ethnicity (p &amp;lt; 0.01, small to medium effect size). A relatively higher percentage of student in Shanghai did not participate in any form of PA. On the other hand, less Tibetan students thought their PF indicators including overall fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed and agility, muscular strength and flexibility were poor or very poor than their counterparts of Han ethnicity (p &amp;lt; 0.01, small to medium effect size).ConclusionTibetan children and adolescents have higher levels of PA and PF in comparison to their Han counterparts. More children and adolescents of Han ethnicity engage in no PA and think their PF indicators were poor.

Follow the media? News environment and public concern about immigration

AbstractImmigration is a hot topic in Europe, but research on the media effects on public attention to immigration remains limited. We examine how media coverage affects the degree of importance attached to immigration in seven Western European Union member states. Data come from an extensive analysis of claims in printed newspapers, and the Eurobarometer (2002–2009). The continuous sample of news coverage is aggregated into a biannual panel, and we relate these data to citizens’ perceptions of the most important issues in their country 6 months later (lagged). The public consider immigration more important than other policy‐related issues when there is an increase in the volume of news and more political claims on the topic in the media. The media environment appears to be an exogenous actor that can have agenda‐setting effects on public concern about immigration. Our results highlight limitations of both the ‘policy‐gap’ thesis and thermostatic models of policy making.

Towards determining perceived audience intent for multimodal social media posts using the theory of reasoned action

Increasing use of social media has resulted in many detrimental effects in youth. With very little control over multimodal content consumed on these platforms and the false narratives conveyed by these multimodal social media postings, such platforms often impact the mental well-being of the users. To reduce these negative effects of multimodal social media content, an important step is to understand creators’ intent behind sharing content and to educate their social network of this intent. Towards this goal, we propose Intent-o-meter, a perceived human intent prediction model for multimodal (image and text) social media posts. Intent-o-meter models ideas from psychology and cognitive modeling literature, in addition to using the visual and textual features for an improved perceived intent prediction model. Intent-o-meter leverages Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) factoring in (i) the creator’s attitude towards sharing a post, and (ii) the social norm or perception towards the multimodal post in determining the creator’s intention. We also introduce Intentgram, a dataset of 55K social media posts scraped from public Instagram profiles. We compare Intent-o-meter with state-of-the-art intent prediction approaches on four perceived intent prediction datasets, Intentonomy, MDID, MET-Meme, and Intentgram. We observe that leveraging TRA in addition to visual and textual features—as opposed to using only the latter–results in improved prediction accuracy by up to 7.5%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$7.5\\%$$\\end{document} in Top-1 accuracy and 8%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$8\\%$$\\end{document} in AUC on Intentgram. In summary, we also develop a web browser application mimicking a popular social media platform and show users social media content overlaid with these intent labels. From our analysis, around 70%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$70\\%$$\\end{document} users confirmed that tagging posts with intent labels helped them become more aware of the content consumed, and they would be open to experimenting with filtering content based on these labels. However, more extensive user evaluation is required to understand how adding such perceived intent labels mitigate the negative effects of social media.

Daytime Sleepiness from Preschool Children’s and Parents’ Perspectives: Is There a Difference?

This cross-sectional study investigated the level of daytime sleepiness and sleep-related behaviors in preschool children and compared their self-evaluations with the evaluations of their parents. It was conducted in Split-Dalmatian County, Croatia, among 196 preschool children aged 6–7 years seen at regular medical examinations, accompanied by their parents, using the Epworth sleepiness scale for children and parents/caregivers. Compared to their child’s reports, parents tended to underestimate their child’s sleepiness while sitting in a classroom at school (p = 0.001) and overestimate their child’s sleepiness when lying down to rest or nap in the afternoon (p &lt; 0.001). Boys were sleepier while sitting in a classroom at school during the morning than girls (p = 0.032). As much as 48.2% of preschool children had their own cellphones/tablets. Boys used video games (p &lt; 0.001) and cellphones/tablets more than girls did (p = 0.064). Parental estimation of children playing video games at bedtime was lower than the child’s report (p &lt; 0.001). Children who had a TV in their bedroom reported more daytime sleepiness (p = 0.049), and those who played video games at bedtime went to sleep later during the weekend (p = 0.024). Also, children owning cellphone/tablets had longer sleep latency during the weekend compared to children not owning a cellphone (p = 0.015). This study confirmed that parents tend to underestimate children’s habits of playing video games at bedtime and children’s sleepiness during morning classes. Preschool children who use electronic devices at bedtime more frequently have prolonged sleep latency. These findings provide further evidence of the effects of electronic media devices on preschoolers’ sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness.

Development of PBL-Based GLOWASEA (Global Warming on the Sea) Educational Media to Train Critical Thinking Skills on the Topic of Global Warming

The low critical thinking skills of Indonesian students in the 21st century indicate the necessity of training these skills to prepare for a future replete with challenges. Teachers need to innovate learning materials that foster critical thinking skills. This study aims to develop a PBL-based GLOWASEA Edukit media product that is valid, effective, and practical for enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. This developmental research was conducted following the ADDIE model, which comprises five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Qualitative data were obtained through comments and suggestions for improvement in questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were obtained from the scores on the validation test, practicality test, questions’ validity and reliability test, and pretest and post-test score data. Data were analyzed using percentage analysis and qualitative description. Successively, the results of media and material validation and practicality were 82.61%, 91.17%, and 90.62%. The effectiveness of Edukit media is calculated using the N-Gain formula, resulting in an average score of 0.33, which meets moderate criteria. It can be concluded that the GLOWASEA Edukit media produced is valid, effective, and practical for training students’ critical thinking skills.

A Combined Interventional Approach to Train Interview Skills in Autistic Transition-Age Youth.

The job interview can be challenging for autistic adolescents considering the required social communication skills. Further, having decreased awareness of personal strengths may make it difficult to advocate for oneself to a future employer. The purpose of the current pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to examine the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of a combined interventional approach using: the Virtual Interview Tool for Autistic Transition-Age Youth (VIT-TAY) and Kessler Foundation Strength Identification and Expression (KF-STRIDE). Twenty autistic transition-age youth (TAY) were randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group (n = 10) that received 9h of VIT-TAY (interviewing practice with a virtual human), and three lessons of KF-STRIDE (positive psychology intervention to learn and discuss one's personal character strengths) and a services-as-usual (SAU) group (n = 10). The primary outcome was measured using a video-recorded mock job interview performed at pre- and post-test, which was rated by blinded assessors. Secondary outcomes included self-reports of job interview skill, interview anxiety, work readiness and recent job search behavior. Paired samples t-tests revealed significant differences between pre- and post-test in the intervention group (but not the control group) on the mock interview total score (p = 0.02, d = 0.76) and self-reported job interview skills total score (p = 0.02, d = 0.75). The intervention group (but not the control group) had improvements in work-readiness (p = 0.06, d = 0.53) and job search behavior (p = 0.07, d = 0.52) that were characterized by medium effect sizes. This pilot study suggests that combining VIT-TAY with KF-STRIDE leads to improvements in performance-based and self-reported job interview skills.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Mothers' Parenting Stress and Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior of Young Children on the Autism Spectrum.

We investigated longitudinal relations between internalizing, externalizing, and total behaviors that challenge in young children on the autism spectrum and mothers' parenting stress. Participants included 93 mothers of children on the autism spectrum aged 27.89-65.84months, who completed questionnaires on maternal parenting stress, and children's internalizing (anxiety), externalizing (disruptive), and total behaviors that challenge. Data were collected on early intervention program intake and approximately one year later. Cross-sectional findings indicated small to medium effect size associations between internalizing and externalizing behavior and parenting stress. However, cross-lagged structural equation models found that neither internalizing nor externalizing behavior predicted later parenting stress, nor the reverse. Significant stability effects were found for measures of child internalizing (anxiety), externalizing (disruptive), and total behaviors, and parenting stress. Relations between behaviors that challenge and parenting stress over time were non-significant in our models that controlled for stability of behaviors and parenting stress over time. Implications for research and clinical practice, in understanding and targeting the persistence of behaviors that challenge and parenting stress, are discussed.

Spillover effects of medium- and large-scale farms on smallholder farmers in Tanzania: Evidence from the National Sample Census of Agriculture 2019/20

Tanzania has implemented a number of policies and initiatives to promote the growth of the agricultural sector. Among these are efforts geared toward fostering large-scale farm investments, which is partly premised on the notion that smallholder farmers will also benefit through improved access to factor markets and output markets, better prices, and knowledge transfers. Nevertheless, evidence on such spillover effects is far from clear. To fill this gap, we draw on the 2019/20 National Sample Census of Agriculture to estimate the spillover effects from large and medium-scale farms to smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Using logistic and linear regression models, we find evidence consistent with positive effects from medium-scale farms to smallholder farmers around adoption of improved technologies—particularly the use of improved seeds, organic fertilizer, irrigation, and mechanization—and crop yield. These relationships are more evident for maize farms. We also find evidence consistent with spillover effects from large-scale farms, specifically around the adoption of improved crop technologies and livestock vaccinations. These results add an argument in favor of policies that foster the coexistence of large-, medium-, and small-scale farms.

A Meta-Analysis of Anomia Treatment in Bilingual Aphasia: Within- and Cross-Language Generalization and Predictors of the Treatment Outcomes.

The present meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of anomia treatment in bilingual and multilingual persons with aphasia (BPWAs) by assessing the magnitudes of six anomia treatment outcomes. Three of the treatment outcomes pertained to the "trained language": improvement of trained words (treatment effect [TE]), within-language generalization of semantically related untrained words (WLG-Related), and within-language generalization of unrelated words (WLG-Unrelated). Three treatment outcomes were for the "untrained language": improvement of translations of the trained words (cross-language generalization of trained words [CLG-Tx]), cross-language generalization of semantically related untrained words (CLG-Related), and cross-language generalization of unrelated untrained words (CLG-Unrelated). This study also examined participant- and treatment-related predictors of these treatment outcomes. This study is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42023418147. Nine electronic databases were searched to identify word retrieval treatment studies of poststroke BPWAs of at least 6 months postonset. Pre- and posttreatment single-word naming scores were extracted for each eligible participant and used to calculate effect sizes (within-case Cohen's d) of the six treatment outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess weighted mean effect sizes of the treatment outcomes across studies. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the effects of participant-related variables (pretreatment single-word naming and comprehension representing poststroke lexical processing abilities) and treatment-related variables (type, language, and duration). The methodological quality of eligible studies and the risk of bias in this meta-analysis were assessed. A total of 17 published studies with 39 BPWAs were included in the meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from fair (n = 4) to good (n = 13). Anomia treatment produced a medium effect size for TE (M = 8.36) and marginally small effect sizes for WLG-Related (M = 1.63), WLG-Unrelated (M = 0.68), and CLG-Tx (M = 1.56). Effect sizes were nonsignificant for CLG-Related and CLG-Unrelated. TE was significantly larger than the other five types of treatment outcomes. TE and WLG-Related effect sizes were larger for BPWAs with milder comprehension or naming impairments and for treatments of longer duration. WLG-Unrelated was larger when BPWAs received phonological treatment than semantic and mixed treatments. The overall risk of bias in the meta-analysis was low with a potential risk of bias present in the study identification process. Current anomia treatment practices for bilingual speakers are efficacious in improving trained items but produce marginally small within-language generalization and cross-language generalization to translations of the trained items. These results highlight the need to provide treatment in each language of BPWAs and/or investigate other approaches to promote cross-language generalization. Furthermore, anomia treatment outcomes are influenced by BPWAs' poststroke single-word naming and comprehension abilities as well as treatment duration and the provision of phonological treatment. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25595712.

Social Media in the Management of Obesity and Diabetes: An Underutilised Population Educational Tool.

Obesity and diabetes are two of the most common chronic medical conditions encountered, putting an ever-increasing strain on healthcare systems worldwide. Social media meanwhile has taken the world by storm over the last 2 decades, providing a way to distribute information instantly and on a vast scale at the click of a button. The use of social media to aid in the management of obesity and diabetes though is an underutilised tool, with the potential to help in educating and supporting these patients in numerous ways both now and in the future, on a grand scale. The caveat to this, however, is the negative side of social media, which can include the spread of disinformation and bullying. In this commentary, we discuss the methodology and wide scale of positive and negative effects of social media across the management of obesity and diabetes, as well as the possible methods we can use this to our advantage in the medical profession to help our patients going forward.

Demystifying the Effect of Social Media Advertising on Purchase Intention of Millennials: Role of eWOM and Privacy Concerns

The substantial impact of businesses’ strong online presence on consumers’ spending habits, especially among decision-makers, cannot be overstated. One of the forms of online product reviews is electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), and it has a significant impact on consumers’ attitude towards a product as well as their intentions to purchase. This article aims to provide a conceptual framework that assesses how eWOM and privacy issues affect Indian millennials’ attitude towards social media advertising and the subsequent effect of attitude on purchase intention. The data were gathered through non-probability sampling from 340 social network users utilising an online questionnaire through Google Forms. The adapted scales were validated using confirmatory factor analysis, followed by path analysis using SPSS AMOS 26.0 to examine numerous hypotheses that had been formulated. The results revealed significant relationships that are helpful in recognising the attitude and purchase intention of Indian millennials regarding social media advertisements. The study can be helpful to brand managers, marketing executives, and advertisers in generating social media commercials by incorporating key elements that can positively mould attitudes and further develop purchase intention.